Experiences of people with multiple sclerosis using clean ıntermittent catheterization: a qualitative study

Purpose: This study aims to explore the subjective experiences of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) using clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), guided by the Neuman Systems Model. It focuses on the relationship between disability, rehabilitation, and bladder management strategies. Materials and Methods: A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used with 15 people with MS who use clean intermittent catheterization at a university hospital. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews based on the Neuman Systems Model and analyzed using phenomenological hermeneutical methods, adhering to COREQ guidelines. Results: Three main themes and eleven subthemes were identified: transitioning to clean intermittent catheterization, personal perspectives, and adaptation challenges. Participants reported multiple physical, psychological, and economic factors influencing clean intermittent catheterization adherence and functional independence. Conclusions: This is the first qualitative study exploring clean intermittent catheterization use among people with MS from a rehabilitation perspective. The findings highlight the importance of individualized, structured support and regular follow-up to enhance self-care, autonomy, and adherence. The Neuman Systems Model provides a valuable framework for guiding future rehabilitation practices and patient-centered care.