Rotational multimaterial bioprinting platform for embedded additive manufacturing applications

Multimaterial bioprinting approach is an essential technique to fabricate multi-layered complex tissue structures by enabling the extrusion of two or more bioinks in a single bioprinting process. However, recent methods have some drawbacks such as prolonged printing times and poor interfacial integration between adjacent layers. While simultaneous multimaterial bioprinting allows for the concurrent extrusion of multiple bioinks, several studies have highlighted the difficulty of developing toolpaths that are properly synchronized with the nozzle alignment. In this study, we present a novel rotational coaxial multimaterial bioprinting platform capable of simultaneously extruding two distinct inks through a dual microcapillary nozzle for the fabrication of multi-layered structures. This platform promotes effective fusion between adjacent layers while preventing undesirable cross-diffusion or mixing of the inks. Response surface methodology (RSM) analysis was applied to evaluate the performance of the bioprinting platform and to investigate the printing parameters. The developed rotational coaxial multimaterial bioprinting platform successfully fabricated multimaterial tubular structures with different diameters and complex shapes, thereby demonstrating significant potential for advanced multimaterial biofabrication applications.