Toward Supply Chain Viability in SME Industrial Clusters: A Multi-Dimensional Decision-Making Framework

This study develops a multi-dimensional decision-making framework to enhance supply chain viability in small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) industrial clusters operating under recurring disruptions and increasing uncertainty. Grounded in the viable supply chain literature and Industry 5.0 principles, viability is conceptualized as an integrated capacity emerging from the interaction of adaptation, legality, resilience, sustainability, digitalization, human-centricity, energy-system robustness, and risk mitigation. These high-level capabilities are operationalized through 22 implementation components covering product/design, functional/process, organizational, technological/informational, financial, and energy dimensions. A sequential hybrid methodology is employed to identify, synthesize, structure, evaluate, and operationalize these components. First, a systematic literature review, thematic analysis, and qualitative synthesis are conducted to identify and validate the components contributing to supply chain viability. Second, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis are used to examine hierarchical relationships and influence patterns among the validated components. Third, fuzzy step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and combined compromise for ideal solution (CoCoFiSo) are applied to assess component importance while incorporating stakeholder preferences, uncertainty, and expert judgment reliability. Finally, the results are integrated into a mixed-integer linear programming model solved using the CBC solver to identify feasible capability portfolios under practical structural and resource constraints.