A Behaviorally Informed Multi-Criteria Framework for Electric Bus Supplier Selection: Integrating IDOCRIW and TODIM

The proliferation of motorized vehicles over the past century has significantly intensified environmental challenges, particularly in densely populated urban areas. This study aims to identify the most appropriate electric bus (EB) supplier to support Istanbul's sustainable public transportation goals. To account for both data-driven objectivity and behavioral decision-making biases often present in procurement contexts, the study integrates a behavioral decision-making technique (TODIM), grounded in Prospect Theory, with an objective Integrated Determination of Objective Criteria Weights (IDOCRIW). Applying the model to secondary data from Istanbul Electric Tram and Tunnel Enterprises (IETT), S1 was ranked as the top supplier with a normalized dominance score of 1.000, outperforming the second-best alternative (S2, 0.865). The results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed model in effectively differentiating between supplier options using both objective and behaviorally sensitive criteria. These findings provide practical guidance to municipal transportation authorities and policymakers seeking to reduce emissions and improve operational efficiency through data-informed EB procurement decisions. This study is the first to apply an integrated IDOCRIW-TODIM framework to electric bus supplier selection, utilizing real operational data from a major emerging-market metropolis. It offers both methodological innovation and context-specific decision support, which are largely absent in the existing literature.