Comprehensive analysis of CI engine attributes fuelled with oil mill waste oil-camphor oil blend with hydrogen enrichment—RSM approach

This article aims to examine the significance of waste-to-energy principles concerning compression ignition engines. The article aimed to use a combination of oil mill waste oil and camphor oil with hydrogen enrichment. The central composite approach is used to construct two experimental matrices for the input parameters of load ranging from 50% to 100% and hydrogen flow rate from 0 to 10 LPM for two fuel types: oil mill waste oil (OM100) and a mix of oil mill waste oil and camphor oil (OMC50). The experiment is performed using a 4-stroke, water-cooled, computerized, single-cylinder compression ignition engine. ANOVA is used to assess the model (both linear and quadratic) and is deemed significant at a 95% confidence level. The incorporation of hydrogen at 10 LPM with OM100 enhances the BTE by 5.2%, EGT by 1.84%, BSNO by 8.08%, Acw by 30.71%, Aeg by 9.71%, SI by 3.79%, and ExE by 6.94%, while reducing the BSEC by 5.47%, BSCO by 17.98%, BSHC by 44.12%, BSCO₂ by 7.88%, smoke opacity by 10.84%, FE by 5.47%, Ad by 9.64%, EG by 9.64%, TEL by 35.98%, EnEL by 7.88%, and ExEL by 9.64% in comparison to OM100. Hydrogen additions at 10 LPM with OMC50 improve BTE by 5.2%, EGT by 1.62%, BSNO by 5.52%, Acw by 18.20%, Aeg by 11.54%, SI by 5.11%, and ExE by 8.36% while decreasing BSEC by 4.93%, BSCO by 28.88%, BSHC by 23.37%, smoke opacity by 5.99%, FE by 6.69%, Ad by 11.23%, TEL by 25.27%, EnEL by 8.37%, and ExEL by 11.23%.