Evaluation of acute and chronic nephrotoxicity in patients received cisplatin-based chemotherapy: has anything changed over time?

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and the risk factors of acute and chronic nephrotoxicity in patients who received cisplatin due to malignancy. Materials and methods: Medical records of all patients who received cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimen between January 2013 and July 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. The data of 203 patients who met the study criteria were examined. The patients were evaluated for acute nephrotoxicity at 48 h and late nephrotoxicity at 3rd month after first course of cisplatin. Early and late nephrotoxicity were defined by NCI CTCAE Version 4.0 criteria. Results: The mean age of the study patients was 56.44 ± 12.69 years, 78.8% were males and 21.2% were females. It is revealed that the incidence of cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity was 9.2% and chronic nephrotoxicity was 37.9%. While the development of acute nephrotoxicity was associated with female gender, history of diabetes mellitus, history of ischemic heart disease and use of antiplatelet drug, the development of chronic nephrotoxicity was associated with older age, female gender and using of diuretics. High serum creatinine, urea and low eGFR value before treatment were found to be associated with both early and late nephrotoxicity (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between acute or chronic nephrotoxicity and cumulative dose of cisplatin, hydration or intravenous magnesium supplementation. Conclusion: High initial serum creatinine value and low initial eGFR are the most important determinants of both early and late nephrotoxicity.