Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using grape (Vitis vinifera) seed extract and evaluation of their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective activities

In this study, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized with grape seed extract (GSE) were evaluated. AgNPs were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM, and dynamic light scattering, it was determined that the particles were in spherical form and 67 ± 5 nm in size. FTIR spectra showed the existence of bioactive compounds involved synthesis process of AgNPs. Using XRD, the crystal structure of the nanoparticles were determined. AgNPs have been found effective against bacterial and yeast strains. Antioxidant activities of AgNP and GSE at high concentrations were determined as 83.19 ± 0.85% and 95.29 ± 0.87%, respectively. It has been determined that AgNP and GSE reduce inflammation and apoptosis in liver damage caused by lipopolysaccharide and provide equal protection on the liver. The use of biosynthetic AgNPs in bactericidal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and other medical fields may be an alternative to minimize the toxic effects of existing drugs.