Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma Arising from Ureterocele: Is it a Rare Occurrence?

Various hydronephrotic, dysplastic or clinical pathologies can accompany ureterocele, which is a cystic dilatation of the intravesical part of the submucosal ureter. However, the development of cancer in the ureterocele is highly unusual. Hematuria is the most common sign, although imaging can also indicate alterations in the wall of the ureterocele. Unfortunately, there is no current guideline for the management of papillary urothelial carcinoma arising from ureterocele. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treatment and follow-up protocols are classically applied. However, the anatomical structure of the ureterocele differs from that of normal bladder tissue. It is unclear whether this difference represents a risk in terms of deep tissue tumour invasion. In addition, tumour cells may migrate to the upper urinary tract due to urinary reflux developing following tumour resection. The management of papillary urothelial carcinoma arising from ureterocele must therefore be specific to that condition. However, this depends on an increase in the number of patients reported in the literature. Our review of the literature revealed very few reports. The present study is therefore particularly valuable from that perspective and describes the clinical management of a patient developing papillary urothelial carcinoma in ureterocele.